{"id":22086,"date":"2012-04-04T08:16:00","date_gmt":"2012-04-04T06:16:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cms.zdv.uni-mainz.de\/fb08-prisma\/?p=22086"},"modified":"2026-02-09T10:04:52","modified_gmt":"2026-02-09T09:04:52","slug":"das-ende-der-magie-schalenmodell-ist-bei-berylliumisotopen-ungueltig","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/prisma.uni-mainz.de\/en\/2012\/04\/04\/das-ende-der-magie-schalenmodell-ist-bei-berylliumisotopen-ungueltig\/","title":{"rendered":"End of the magic: Shell model for beryllium isotopes invalidated"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<\/jgu-base-pageheader><\/jgu-base-heading>\n\n
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A research group led by Professor Dr. Wilfried N\u00f6rtersh\u00e4user has, for the first time, managed to measure the size of the charge distribution in the atomic nucleus of the highly exotic beryllium-12 isotope. The researchers were surprised to find that the so-called charge radius increases in comparison with that of the beryllium-11 isotope, while the radius of the matter distribution was significantly smaller. These findings contradict the famous shell-model in nuclear physics regarding the structure of atomic nuclei as it was expected that the nuclear charge radius would also be smaller. “Our result contradicts the shell model prediction and is a clear indication that the number of 8 neutrons is not magic in the case of beryllium isotopes,” says Andreas Krieger of the Institute of Nuclear Chemistry at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz (JGU). The magic numbers specify how many neutrons or protons can fit onto the shells of the nucleus of an atom. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Atomic nuclei are made up of nucleons, which are positively charged protons and uncharged neutrons. The number of protons determines the element, so that if there are four protons, this means that the nucleus must be that of an atom of beryllium. The number of neutrons may vary, and this is what leads to the existence of different isotopes of an element. In the case of beryllium, a light metal, only the beryllium-9 isotope is stable with its 9 nucleons (i.e. 4 protons and 5 neutrons). All other beryllium isotopes decay after a certain amount of time. Our planet is made up of about 500 stable or very long-lived isotopes; some 2,500 additional radioactive isotopes have to date been created and analyzed in various “isotope factories” around the world. The systematic study of atomic nuclei led to the discovery that nuclei that contain a certain number of protons and neutrons are particularly stable. These so-called magic numbers of protons or neutrons are 2, 8, 20, 28, 50, 82, and 126. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

In 2008, the group led by Wilfried N\u00f6rtersh\u00e4user precisely measured the nuclear charge radius – the radius of an imaginary sphere around the region where the protons of the nucleus are concentrated – of the isotope beryllium-11 using a laser technique. The scientists were able to demonstrate that the seventh neutron in beryllium-11, which has a very small binding energy, is found at a considerable distance from the residual beryllium-10 core, and surrounds it like a halo. According to the mechanical model, the nuclear core is forced into a circular motion so that its charge is “spread” over a larger area, thus increasing its charge radius. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The researchers then shifted their focus to the nucleus of the beryllium-12 isotope. For this purpose, the sensitivity of the laser spectroscopic technique had to be enhanced by a factor of 1,000 because the isotope can only be generated with a low production rate at the ISOLDE\/CERN isotope factory. In addition, the relevant particle only exists for less than the blink of an eye; after a mere 20 thousandth of a second, half of all the beryllium-12 nuclei produced will have decayed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Using a high precision laser system, N\u00f6rtersh\u00e4user’s young investigator group, in collaboration with colleagues from the Max Planck Institute of Nuclear Physics in Heidelberg and the KU Leuven, were able to measure the nuclear charge radius of this very exotic isotope. The researchers were surprised to find that the nuclear charge radius increases in comparison to that of the halo nucleus of beryllium-11, although the neutrons are more tightly bound in beryllium-12. This clearly contradicts the shell model prediction, in terms of which the charge radius should have decreased. “To explain the result, we have to assume that shells are not occupied in sequence, so that the third shell may already have neutrons before the second shell is completely full,” says N\u00f6rtersh\u00e4user. This means that the number of eight neutrons in beryllium isotopes is no longer a magic number. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Das Fachjournal Physical Review Letters<\/em> berichtet in seiner Ausgabe vom 6. April 2012 \u00fcber dieses Experiment und den Vergleich mit theoretischen Modellrechnungen, die am GSI Helmholtzzentrum f\u00fcr Schwerionenforschung durchgef\u00fchrt wurden. Die Rechnungen k\u00f6nnen den Verlauf der gemessenen Ladungsradien entlang der Isotopenkette sehr gut reproduzieren. Weitere Untersuchungen der Kernstruktur, die zu einem besseren Verst\u00e4ndnis des Kernaufbaus beitragen werden, sind sowohl an ISOLDE am CERN als auch am TRIGA-Forschungsreaktor des Instituts f\u00fcr Kernchemie der JGU in Vorbereitung. Die Arbeiten wurden von der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft sowie vom Bundesministerium f\u00fcr Bildung und Forschung (BMBF) und der Carl-Zeiss-Stiftung gef\u00f6rdert.This work was supported by the Helmholtz Association, the Max Planck Society, the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), and the Carl Zeiss Foundation. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

The research of Wilfried N\u00f6rtersh\u00e4user\u2019s group has been integrated into the Mainz Cluster of Excellence Precision Physics, Fundamental Interactions and Structure of Matter (PRISMA). The cluster is currently competing in the second phase of the Excellence Initiative by the German federal and state governments. The final funding decisions of the competition will be made in June.<\/p>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n

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A research group led by Professor Dr. Wilfried N\u00f6rtersh\u00e4user has, for the first time, managed to measure the size of the charge distribution in the atomic nucleus of the highly exotic beryllium-12 isotope. The researchers were surprised to find that the so-called charge radius increases in comparison with that of the beryllium-11 isotope, while the … Continued<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":554,"featured_media":20268,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[105],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-22086","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-press-release"],"primary_category":{"id":105,"name":"Press release","slug":"press-release","parent":0,"breadcrumb":"Press release"},"media":{},"image":{"url":"https:\/\/cms.zdv.uni-mainz.de\/fb08-prisma\/wp-content\/uploads\/sites\/255\/2025\/10\/09_kernchemie_beryllium_publi_nukleonen.jpg","credit":""},"index":"04.04.2012","assigned_date":"","external_link":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/prisma.uni-mainz.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22086","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/prisma.uni-mainz.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/prisma.uni-mainz.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prisma.uni-mainz.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/554"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prisma.uni-mainz.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=22086"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/prisma.uni-mainz.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22086\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":28404,"href":"https:\/\/prisma.uni-mainz.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/22086\/revisions\/28404"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prisma.uni-mainz.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/20268"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/prisma.uni-mainz.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=22086"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prisma.uni-mainz.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=22086"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/prisma.uni-mainz.de\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=22086"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}